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French grammar · B1

Reported Speech (discours indirect)

A clear, example-first explanation built for CLB 6 / B1 — the level you need for TCF / TEF Canada.

Overview

Reported speech turns a direct quote into an embedded clause: Il dit : « Je viens. »Il dit qu'il vient. The structure uses que / si, and tenses shift when the reporting verb is in the past.

Basic structure

Reporting verb + que + clause (for statements) · + si + clause (for yes/no questions) · + question word (for wh-questions). Drop quotation marks and adjust pronouns.

Tense shifts when reporting verb is PAST

If the reporting verb is in a past tense (a dit, demandait...), the tense of the quoted speech shifts back one step.

Direct: présent→ imparfait
Direct: passé composé→ plus-que-parfait
Direct: futur simple→ conditionnel présent
Direct: futur antérieur→ conditionnel passé
Direct: imparfait→ imparfait (no change)
Direct: plus-que-parfait→ plus-que-parfait (no change)

Examples of tense shift

Compare present-tense reporting (no shift) and past-tense reporting (shift).

Time markers shift too

When the reporting verb is past, time words change perspective.

aujourd'hui→ ce jour-là
hier→ la veille
demain→ le lendemain
maintenant→ à ce moment-là
ici→ là

Imperatives become "de + infinitive"

Commands in reported speech use de + infinitive.

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More grammar

Articles: le, la, les, un, une, des · Verb: être (to be) — Present · Verb: avoir (to have) — Present · Regular -er Verbs (Present) · Negation: ne ... pas · Asking Questions

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